Public Health Law and Legislation

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Based on the following question, I need you to help respond to the attached 4 peers’ posts in 150 words each.
Question on Public Health Law and Legislation
Question(s):
Visit the CDC Public Health Law News Archives, and choose one of the reports.
In no more than 300 words, discuss:
Why did you choose your report?
Why is this particular report important to society and how it fits in the Dahlgren-Whitehead model?
Using what you have learned through your nursing education, what are your thoughts about how you might affect legislation around this issue at the local level or above?
Visit: NCSL. (2021, April, 26). State Action on Coronavirus (COVID-19). National Conference of State Legislatures. Choose one state that passed a piece of legislation regarding health care and Covid-19.
Why did you choose this legislation?
What does the legislation provide for?

Healthcare policy (both COVID and non-COVID).

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For this Discussion Board, please complete the following: 300–500 words
The healthcare world and the world overall is now a very different place since the COVID-19 global pandemic uprooted people’s daily lives. Healthcare policy had to change on a dime in many places. For example, hospitals fearing the worst limited the visitation of family members to those loved ones struck with illness (both COVID and non-COVID). New parents had to take turns seeing their newborns. Telehealth has taken on a new leading role in many healthcare organizations because face-to-face visits were no longer acceptable due to nationwide lockdowns. Many organizations did this to mitigate risk and follow strategic national policy. Your organization has decided to take a stand to implement the same strategy. Its policy is to not allow any visitors during a lockdown.
In this class debate, you are going to be placed on a side of the new visitation policy. Your task is to argue for the new policy. You are tasked with presenting your case to the class on why the policy should stand. Cover the following:
Consider how this has changed the way that you view healthcare access and equality.
Consider the risk to the organization.
Consider the impact of the decision.
Should there be exceptions to the policy? Why or why not?
Use data and evidence from literature to support your argument.
Remember that in healthcare administration, you are often tasked with supporting unpopular policy; it is not your job to change this policy; rather, your job is to defend the side that you are on respectfully.

Utilitarianism · Egoism · Relativism . Absolutism

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APA format
1) Minimum 6 pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per page
You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page.
Part 1: minimum  1 page
Part 2: minimum  2 pages
Part 3: minimum  1 page
Part 4: minimum  1 page
Part 5: minimum  1 page
Submit 1 document per part
2)¨******APA norms
All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph
Bulleted responses are not accepted
Don’t write in the first person
Don’t copy and paste the questions.
Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph
Submit 1 document per part
3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)
********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)
4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)
Part 2:   Minimum 4 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)
All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.
5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next
Example:
Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX
Q 2. Health is XXXX
6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering:
Example:
Part 1.doc
Part 2.doc
__________________________________________________________________________________
Part 1: Aging and family
1. Define the following terms:
a· Utilitarianism
b· Egoism
c· Relativism
·d. Absolutism
2. Briefly write a hypothetical situation where each of the defined terms above is utilized.
Part 2: Aging and family
Topic: Provide cultural care for this group or the individual
The older population in the United States is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. In addition to racial and ethnic diversity, there will be growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons entering their senior years who will present a unique set of challenges. The growing diversity of the older population presents challenges for gerontological nursing in providing culturally competent care.
Older group:  Hispanic Americans
Role: Nurse
Situation: You must demonstrate the importance of providing cultural care for this group population, addressing:
1. Beliefs, values, traditions, and practices of health (1/2 page)
a. Give a brief example
2. Education on health risk factors (1/2 page)
a. Give a brief example
3. One’s own attitudes, beliefs, and those attitudes of co-practitioners (1/2 page)
a. Give a brief example
4. Language barriers that can affect the ability of patients to communicate health-related information, understand instructions, provide informed consent, and fully participate in their care (1/2 page)
a. Give a brief example
Part 3: Health informatics
1.  Describe how healthcare informatics impacts epidemiology and health promotion – prevention?
Part 4: Health Promotion
Topic: Qualitative evaluations
1. What is a qualitative study?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages?
3. Provide two examples of qualitative studies, include:
a. How the information could be analyzed.
Health promotion initiative:   Breast cancer in menopausal patients
SMART goal: Through pedagogical groups, during the three months after the diagnosis, improve the awareness of menopausal patients about the risk factors for developing breast cancer
Population: Menopausal patients
Purpose: Educate menopausal patients about prevention strategies to develop breast cancer during menopause
4. Would you use a qualitative test to determine effectiveness of your health promotion initiative?
a. Explain why
Part 5: Epidemiology
1. Give one example for each type of care delivery service incentivized by volume based, fee-for-service payment models, as opposed to value based, alternative payment models.
2. Select one example and explain how works

Evidence-Based Clinical Intervention

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Your Evidence-Based Clinical Intervention should be submitted in a Microsoft Word document following APA style and should include the following:
The medical problem/diagnosis/disease.
Typical presenting signs and symptoms including:
Onset, Characteristics, Location, Radiation, Timing, Setting, Aggravating factors, Alleviating factors, Associated symptoms, Course since onset, Usual age group affected
Concomitant disease states associated with the diagnosis
The pathophysiology of the problem.
Three differential diagnoses and the usual presenting signs and symptoms in priority sequence with rationales.
Reference to at least two current journal articles that show evidence-based practice as how to best treat this disorder related to the primary differential.
The expected outcomes of the intervention.
Algorithms if available.
A typical clinical note in SOAP format.

carcinogenesis

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J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight lost, weakness and occasional nausea.
Past Medical History (PMH):
Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial Fibrillation, controlled with Rivaroxaban 15 mg by mouth once a day and bisoprolol 10 mg by mouth once a day.
Labs:
Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8% WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.
Diagnostic test:
Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of pancreas 4 cms, infiltrating Wirsung duct. The solid mass impress to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. Perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cms, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Case study questions:
Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C and why?
What are tumor cell markers and why tumor cell markers are ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why this classification important?
Discussed characteristic of malignant tumors regarding it cells, growth and ability to spread.
Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
Choose the tissue level that is affected on the patient discussed above: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle or Neural. Support your answer.

Covid Colonoscopy

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When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.
Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, but body measurements can also provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process. Explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their health and weight.
For this Assignment, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests.
The assigned Assessment Tool/Diagnostic Test is Colonoscopy
THE QUESTION:
Description how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you were assigned is used in healthcare.
What is the purpose of Colonoscopy?
How is Covid Colonoscopy conducted?
What information does it gather?
Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity and reliability, and explain any      issues with sensitivity, reliability, and predictive values. Include references in appropriate APA formatting.

nurse’s role in health promotion and disease prevention in older adults

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describe and discuss the nurse’s role in health promotion and disease prevention in older adults. Share an example from your personal experience as a RN.
Name and elaborate on at least three screening/preventive procedure that must be done in older adults.
Define and discuss three common End-of-life documents that you as nurse must be familiar with to be able to educate older adults.

Covid 19 and Mental Health ( Depression)

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Compare your analysis of this issue in the media reports with your analysis of this issue in the professional nursing literature.
Identify the similarities and differences
Based on your findings in this comparative analyses identify the implications for nurses or nursing students, health care policy, and/or health care delivery systems
Use the following headings:
Introduction
Similarities
Differences
Implications for nurses, nursing students, health care policy, and/or health care delivery systems
Conclusion

name one financial aspect, one quality aspect, and one clinical aspect

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After discussion with your preceptor, name one financial aspect, one quality aspect, and one clinical aspect that need to be taken into account for developing the evidence-based change proposal. Explain how your proposal will directly and indirectly impact each of the aspects.
Now that you have completed a series of assignments that have led you into the active project planning and development stage for your project, briefly describe your proposed solution to address the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and how it has changed since you first envisioned it. What led to your current perspective and direction?

Evidenced-based Practice (EBP) and quality projects/initiatives

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You will explore Evidenced-based Practice (EBP) and quality projects/initiatives. A nurse leader’s role in these projects cannot be underestimated. It is important to understand the differences in research projects, quality improvement (QI) initiatives, and evidenced based practice (EBP) projects. This week students will explore and discuss those differences.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Differentiate between evidenced-based practice and research.
Differentiate between quality improvement projects and research.
Explore how evidenced based practice, quality, and safety in health care are reflected in nursing theory, research, and science in meeting the mandate for quality and safety.
Be sure to complete all Introduction, Learn, and Apply items in Module 5: Week 5 – Evidenced Based Practice/Quality Improvement by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on the assigned due date. Use the Modules link on the left side of the screen at any time to view your progress in the course.