Using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Nightingale theory is a nursing theory which focuses on the accountability, autonomy, and communication associated with nursing practices. It proponent, Florence Nightingale, as conspicuous and celebrated among the nursing theorist whose teachings were based on the impact and influence that the environment has for the recovery of the patients (Smith & Parker 2015).  The theorist stressed that the nursing care goals are to ensure that a patient’s position is in excellent condition as much as possible to permit ecological condition to help towards good health promotion. Therefore, the theory pays more attention to the science and art of nursing intending to shape its practices. In theory, Florence maintained that external conditions and influences have a significant impact on the contribution and containment of illnesses and diseases. Florence’s mission through the theory has to help patients in retaining their vitality through environmental control approaches. The theory stated three primary environments: psychological, physical, and social, and holds that the contribution of each determines the quality of life that can be exhibited by a patient upon exposure (Rahim, 2013). Putting patients in natural conditions to get back to healthy lives does mean that the patient is left alone but instead supported by their ecological conditions that determine their possible recovery. In the theory of Nightingale about the environment, the amount of time by nature for a patient to heal and overcome all the partial conditions that affect his or her wellbeing based on the possible outcome.

Mrs. Adams Case Study

Mrs. Adams, who is a sixty-eight, and a widow who was subjected towards a case management when she was discharged from the hospital. As recommended by her physician, she portrays the role of nature in offering solutions to the patients. It was according to the diagnosis that the patient should be given while in or out of the facility. Hence, it is determined via possible recurrence to the disease or condition she is suffering from. Mrs. Adams’s diagnosis, which includes hypertension, breast cancer, and diabetes, require thorough consideration. Being a few days from the post-op right-sided mastectomy, she requires proper care and attention. However, her located that is characterized by low-income attributes where criminal cases are high put the intended care implementations into a standstill. Yet, from the Community Health Nurse assessment, it was realized that her apartment was in a severe mess and might prevent the free flow of fresh air and light. She had no food and seems that she has not even changed her clothes for quite a while. In the small apartment are a puppy and three cats considered by Mrs. Adams as part of her consolation since her beloved husband passed a year ago. Therefore it leads to her posing complaints of draining and severe pain after her broken air conditioner and the surgical site.

First Assessment: Evaluating the environmental conditions surrounding a patient is essential to limit the number of prevalence that they can be exposed to. According to Florence’s Nightingale theory, ecological surroundings play a crucial role in the healing process. Therefore, in Mrs. Adams’s case, her environmental surroundings need to be evaluated at first glance. Her various care concerns need to be prioritized based on the initial assessments made. However, major ecological components such as bed and beddings, nutrition, cleanliness, light, noise, the condition of the house, ventilation, and warming are considered. As indicated, Mrs. Adams complains about the minimal airflow, and the non-functioning air conditioner needs to be adjusted and properly rectified. Due to high crime cases within Mrs. Adams’ neighborhood, keeping windows and doors locked will serve as the best safety measures. Additionally, due to a reduced amount of light in the area, Mrs. Adams’ house requires proper ventilation, sound lighting system, and temperature-controlled air to fasten the healing process of her post-surgical wounds. Notably, the three pets in her room expose the house to increased infection and more bacteria.

The most important risk factors that threaten Mrs. Adams’s social wellbeing are the residence disarrays and her dirty clothes (Aspen University, 2018). Lack of quality and adequate food items and the residence disarrays shows that she lives in isolation with a minimal support network. Her condition and health starts are the major setbacks for her efforts in maintaining hygiene to a required level. Therefore, to make the cleaning effect, it should include frequent airing and changing her bedsheets and linens. According to Nightingale, most patients usually deposit wild floras on their beds if they are not adjusted for a long time (Wayne, 2014). Hence, this shows a possible infection if the patient re-enters in them, thus more infections.

Additionally, Mrs. Adams also requires daily hygiene support to make her safe for any possible further infections. Unwashed skin, according to Nightingale, blocks the air pots leading to possible poisoning of the body. Moreover, Mrs. Adams’ nurse should take immediate interventions to help her get her family members.

Five Essential Components of from the Theory

The five vital constituents advocated for by Nightingale to guarantee proper sanitation of various abodes for the improvement of health outcomes include:

Pure Water: The patient needs to avoid impure water because they contributed to diseases.

Pure Fresh Air: Ensuring fresh air in a location boosts the breathing systems of the patients.

Cleanliness: At all times, cleaning is necessary for all patients. Nurses must ensure that the environment is clean to minimize contaminations and poisoning.

Light: According to Wayne (2014), an adequate lighting system is needed in treating diseases, especially direct sunlight.

Effective Drainage: Proper drainage systems are needed to ward off ill-health causing organisms and epidemic diseases due to contamination by home sewer systems

Care Plan

The care plan for the case study will capture the following:

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute and severe pain evident in the verbal complaint made by Mrs. Adams about the new surgical procedure will be handled with proper pain medication.

Impaired physical mobility associated with damage of nerves and muscle, lymphedema as well as severe pains are seen in Mrs. Adams will be addressed with proper assistance.

Infection risks related to the wound that Mrs. Adam had after the surgery, her environment, and medical history will be addressed to ease the tension of possible infections.

Objective Information: The patient is a sixty-year-old female widow who has breast cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. The patient has blood-tinged fluids of serious oozing from her surgical site. The residence is poorly ventilated. There are three pets in a small room—no food for observation of nutritional support. Mrs. Adams appears untidy.

Subjective Information: There is a complaint from the patient about severe pains and broken air conditioner and pain. The reports from the patient show that she has no assistance because she is a widow.

Nursing Results: Mr. Adams Goals: The residence will have proper ventilation and adequately cleaned. All the bed linens will regularly and frequently change like daily bathing. The patient will utter two ways to limit any physical injuries that might be realized within the week. The patient will exercise mobility and sitting posture strength during this time. There will be daily hygiene performance by the patient to minimize the risk of infections. The nutritional status of the patient will be improved.

Nursing Interventions: The nurse responsible for the patient will ensure that the patient seeks out at least two friends that she has to help in support during her healing process. Additionally, the nurse in her daily services will ensure that she is ready to obtain her goals through increase strength, improved residence cleanliness, developed ambulation, and proper body hygiene. Implementation of in-house rehabilitation may be needed to make the efforts satisfying. Moreover, the nurse will ensure that the patient has a paramount focus in her care plan. Any option that might be available may be used to improve, however, current status. All possible risk factors will be addressed based on the effect on the patient.

Conclusion

The patient-centered approach, Nightingale’s Environmental Theory in medical care, contains several environmental aspects. It holds that environmental systems play a significant role in checking for the wellbeing of a patient. A balance in the ecological factors reveals the healing process that can be seen from the health conditions of a patient. However, Nightingale believed that it is the responsibility of nurses to ensure that a patient’s environment is safe and in good condition. They must also ensure that all the needed factors to boost the healing process are in place for all patients within their localities.

References

Aspen University (2018). Concepts and Theories in Nursing. Module 1. Assignment 1. Retrieved from https://aspenuniversity.edu/conceptsandtheoriesinnursing /assignment1/

Rahim, Shirin (2013). Clinical application of Nightingale’s environmental theory. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 3(1), 43-46, February/April 2013

Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis.

Wayne, Gil (2014). Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory. Nurselabs.com. Retrieved from https://nurselabs.com/florence nightingale’s environmental theory

Signature Assignment Description/Directions:

This week, you will develop a PowerPoint presentation reviewing the theories from each module.

Please select one theory from each module (1-8) and answer the following questions. You should have two slides per theory:

Describe the theory

Provide 3 examples of how the theory applies to current practice

Provide 3 positive patient outcomes resulting from utilizing the theory

Explain 3 benefits to nursing satisfaction when utilizing the theory

Describe two barriers to using the theory in practice and at least one method for overcoming each barrier (support methods with sources)

Support from literature clearly noted throughout

The PowerPoint presentation should include at least two outside references and the textbook. The presentation should contain 2 to 4 slides per theory, for a total of 16 to 32 slides.

Total Point Value of Assignment: 500 points

THE JOB IS TO REPLY WITH A COMMENT TO EACH POST, POST 1 AND POST 2. WITH 2 COMPLETED REFERENCE IN APA WITH CITATION ABOVE 2013 PER COMMENT.

POST 1

Individual vs. Family CBT

Cognitive behavioral therapy is short-term psychotherapy that emphasizes the need for attitude change in order to maintain and promote behavior modification (Nichols, 2014). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in a broad range of disorders. CBT can be done as an individual treatment or in a family setting. Individual CBT has a broadly defined framework with an emphasis on harm-reduction, especially with clients that have anxiety and substance abuse (Wheeler, 2014).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for families is also brief and is solution-focused. Family CBT is focused on supporting members to act and think in a more adaptive manner, along with learning to make better decisions to create a friendlier, calmer family environment (Nichols, 2014). An example from practicum is a male (T.M) that participates in individual CBT once a week and family CBT once a week. T.M is struggling with alcoholism.

He originally presented for individual CBT because he had been “told by his wife” that he had a problem with alcohol. He reported that he drank “a few vodka drinks” three times a week but none for six weeks. Individual CBT therapy is a collaborative process between the therapist and client that takes schemas and physiology into consideration when deciding the plan of care (Wheeler, 2014). We worked with him using open-ended questions to assist with obtaining cognitive and situational information.  He would become angry easily and it was a felt that he was not being truthful about his alcohol use. Each time he was questioned about it, the story would change. He attended two individual sessions and it was then recommended he begin family CBT with his significant other (S.M) because “things were not going well at home.”

With family CBT, cognitions, emotions, and behaviors are seen as having a mutual influence on one another (Nichols, 2014). The first session was stressful, to say the least. T.M began talking about his alcohol use. S.M interrupted and said, “what about that one-time last month at the hotel. You were seeing things.” He became defensive, raised his voice, and said, “I was drugged. It had nothing to do with drinking.” She then looked down and was tearful. When he left the room to use the bathroom, S.M questioned if he could be tested for alcohol. This led the therapist to believe that T.M’s last use was not six weeks ago.

T.M’s automatic thoughts were that his alcoholism was not a problem in the marriage or in life. One of the core principles in using CBT for SUDs is that the substance of abuse serves as a reinforcement of behavior (McHugh et al., 2010). Over time, the positive and negative reinforcing agents become associated with daily activities. CBT tries to decrease these effects by improving the events associated with abstinence or by developing skills to assist with reduction (McHugh et al., 2010).

It was noticed that when T.M was alone, his stories would change. But when his wife was in the room, he would look at her while he spoke to ensure what he was saying was accurate. The therapist informed the client that it would be appropriate to continue individual therapy and family CBT once a week with the recommendation of joining the ready for change group. The CBT model for substance use states that, when a person is trying to maintain sobriety or reduce substance use, they are likely to have a relapse (Morin et al., 2017).

Ready for change meetings was recommended because like this week’s media showed, clients may relate to others that are going through similar situations. Getting T.M to realize that his alcohol use is a problem, is the primary goal currently. This example was shared because it shows the difficulties that may be encountered with psychotherapy and that both individual and family may be needed to ensure that goals are met. Some challenges that counselors face when using CBT in the family setting are wondering if the structure of the session and if the proper techniques were effective (Ringle et al., 2015). Evaluating and consulting with peers may also assist with meeting client and family goals.

References

McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 33(3), 511-25. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012

Morin, J., Harris, M., & Conrod, P.  (2017, October 05). A Review of CBT Treatments for Substance Use Disorders. Oxford Handbooks Online. Ed.  Retrieved fromhttp://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935291-e-57.

Nichols, M. (2014). The essentials of family therapy (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Patterson, T. (2014). A Cognitive-Behavioral Systems Approach to Family Therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 25(2), 132–144. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1080/08975353.2014.910023

Ringle, V. A., Read, K. L., Edmunds, J. M., Brodman, D. M., Kendall, P. C., Barg, F., & Beidas, R. S. (2015). Barriers to and Facilitators in the Implementation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety in the Community. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(9), 938-45. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400134

Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to

guide for evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Springer.

POST 2

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of the most effective psychotherapy approaches, whether it be used in group, family, or individual treatment. It is important to understand the purpose of it what its process consists off. It can be used to treat different mental health conditions, ranging from addiction to more severe illnesses. Its approach is to work with the patient into strategizing ways to change unhealthy thoughts and behaviors. Throughout the process, the patient not only learns solving skills, but also to re-evaluate and learn how to understand other’s perspectives, skill that helps build their confidence.

Some believe group therapy is more effective than individual therapy, as established by Kellett, Clarke, and Matthews (2007, p. 211). It has been established that CBT in general can be effective, but based on the Johnson Family Session video, it leads me to believe that either group/family or individual would be effective depending on the condition that is being treated. It is clear from the video that the girl who had been sexually assaulted at the fraternity does not believe talking or sharing her experience, even if it is with other girls who went through the same experience, will help in any way. She still has some internal issues that need to be addressed individually in order to make progress and get her to a place where she can participate in group/family therapy with an awareness that it will help her and purpose to it. Another important aspect of having a client be committed to the treatment is that research has showed “Poor compliance can adversely affect the remaining group members who may become worried or insecure” (Söchting, Lau, Ogrodniczuk, 2018, p. 185).

An example during practicum that supports my belief is the case of a terminally ill patient who had been recommended comfort care through hospice. She was ready to do so, understood and accepted her prognosis, but her daughters and husband were in denial. Every time they participated in a family session the patient held back on her wishes and verbalized whatever their wishes were as if they were her own. When treated as an individual client, she would express her concerns of not being able to “disappoint and abandon my family”. She had suffered all her life from anxiety, insecurities, severe depression, and low self-esteem. Those were issues that should have been addressed individually before she could fully engage in a family session in a healthy and productive way, if she would’ve had the time. CBT would have still been the choice of treatment for individual therapy for this client, as evidenced by Driessen et al. who stated it “is the psychotherapy method with the best evidence-base in the treatment of depression” (2017, p. 654). Not being fully engaged in the program, or believing the treatment will not help, or having other issues that need to be addressed on an individual basis, are all challenges presented in a family setting when relying on CBT.

References

Kellett, S., Clarke, S., & Matthews, L. (2007). Delivering Group Psychoeducational CBT in

Primary Care: Comparing Outcomes with Individual CBT and Individual

Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Psychotherapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology,

           46(2).

Söchting, I., Lau, M., & Ogrodniczuk, J. (2018). Predicting Compliance in Group CBT Using the

Group Therapy Questionnaire. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 68(2).

Driessen,E., Van, H. L., Peen, J., Don, F. J., Twisk, J. W. R., Cuijpers, P., & Dekker, J. J. M.

(2017). Cognitive-Behavioral Versus Psychodynamic Therapy for Major Depression:

Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Consulting Clinical

Psychology, 85)7).

The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar?

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

To Prepare:

• Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
• Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
• Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

• Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
• Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
• Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.

  NOTE: For guidance on infographics, including how to create one in PowerPoint, see “How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint” presented in the Resources.

• Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.

hypothetical scenario originally shared in the discussion forum is:

Nursing, as with all other professional fields, has seen an amazing speed in which technological changes in the last 25 years.  Information systems provide limitless possibilities for learning and exploring, connecting and bringing the world to within reach.  For nursing, the widening range of available technology enables the opportunities for research and reform unproven clinical practices to evidence-based practices.  Nursing informatics is synthesis of nursing science, information science, computer science, and cognitive science for the purpose of managing, disseminating, and enhancing healthcare data, information, knowledge, and wisdom to improve collaboration and decision making provide high quality patient care; and advance the profession of nursing.( McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017).

Nursing Informatics also needs to stay updated on policies and processes, so they know how to correctly build them in the systems. Technology in hospitals are ever growing, which means that nursing informatics is just scratching the surface and will continue to grow over the year.

Sweeny, 2017 define informatics as “the integration of healthcare sciences, computer science, information science and cognitive science to assist in the management of healthcare information” (p. 223). The future development of nursing capabilities in data science will essentially lead to an entirely new cadre of nursing informatics specialists whose work will focus on deriving new nursing knowledge from not only electronic health record data, but also the data from sensor and remote monitoring technologies, patient portals and mobile apps described above. The implications of omics data such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, being included as part of the electronic health record in the near future, should be taken into account. Nurse informatics specialists will be pivotal in assisting to identify potential ethical and practice implications in the use of these data. The future development of nursing capabilities in data science will essentially lead to an entirely new cadre of nursing informatics specialists whose work will focus on deriving new nursing knowledge from not only electronic health record data, but also the data from sensor and remote monitoring technologies, patient portals and mobile apps described above. The implications of omics data such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, being included as part of the electronic health record in the near future, should be taken into account.

According to Nagle et al,(2017) Nurse informatics specialists will be pivotal in assisting to identify potential ethical and practice implications in the use of these data. Using The future development of nursing capabilities in data science will essentially lead to an entirely new cadre of nursing informatics specialists whose work will focus on deriving new nursing knowledge from not only electronic health record data, but also the data from sensor and remote monitoring technologies, patient portals and mobile apps described above. The implications of omics data such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, being included as part of the electronic health record in the near future, should be taken into account. Nurse informatics specialists will be pivotal in assisting to identify potential ethical and practice implications in the use of these data.

A clarified scenario is patient admission to the hospital, patients with a medical or surgical condition may not be identified as having a substance abuse problem. Nurses need to be able to recognize alcohol withdrawal syndrome and start appropriate interventions within the first 24 hours. Otherwise, such complications as seizures and substance withdrawal delirium may arise.  Most hospitals have implemented this practice by including it in initial nursing assessments by checking the vital signs every three hours. But because not all patients are identified on admission as having the potential for alcohol withdrawal, you must stay alert for signs and symptoms. These may arise 4 to 12 hours after the patient’s last drink and may emerge while the patient’s still intoxicated. Many patients with long-term alcohol dependence don’t allow their blood alcohol level (BAL) to drop below a comfortable level, so withdrawal may begin when BAL is still in the intoxication range.autonomic hyperactivity (such as sweating or a pulse faster than 100 beats/minute), increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, grand mal seizures. Consider the rapid action on the patient, nurses relied on the immediate data and information that the patient as shown during the initial rapid assessment to deliver appropriate care to the patient. Message send to on call- doctors via telehealth. Using the technology like the pulse oximeter and blood pressure machine and breathalyzer with assist with the support of the delivery care.

References:

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health. Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much: A Clinician’s Guide and Related Professional Support Resources. www.niaaa.nih.gov/Publications/EducationTrainingMaterials/Pages/guide.aspx. Accessed May 15, 2012.

Nagle, L. M., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist. Studies In Health Technology And Informatics, 232, 212–221. Retrieved from https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=28106600&site=eds-live&scope=site

Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informatics.(1)Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21

Resources:

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 1, “Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 7–19)
• Chapter 2, “Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems” (pp. 21–33)
• Chapter 3, “Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model” (pp. 35–62)

Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1).

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Rubric:

Develop a 5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

·   Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
·   Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%) The presentation clearly and accurately explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation clearly and accurately defines and explains nursing informatics with a detailed explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources.Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%) The presentation explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation defines and explains nursing informatics with an explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources.Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%) The presentation inaccurately or vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate or vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 1 peer-reviewed sources and 1 course resources.Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%) The presentation inaccurately and vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker or is missing.

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely defines and explains nursing informatics with an inaccurate and vague explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker or is missing.

Includes:  1 or fewer resources.Feedback:

·   Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The presentation provides an accurate and detailed infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation.Good 12 (12%) – 13 (13%) The presentation provides an infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation.Fair 11 (11%) – 11 (11%) The presentation provides an infographic related to the concepts of the presentation that is inaccurate or vague.Poor 0 (0%) – 10 (10%) The infographic provided in the presentation related to the concepts of the presentation is inaccurate and vague, or is missing.Feedback:

·   Present the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from the data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ replies.–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 32 (32%) – 35 (35%) The presentation clearly and thoroughly includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including a detailed and accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data.Good 28 (28%) – 31 (31%) The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an accurate examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data.Fair 25 (25%) – 27 (27%) The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague or inaccurate.Poor 0 (0%) – 24 (24%) The presentation includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum, including an examination of the data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the data that is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.–

Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.Feedback: Total Points: 100